Alpha Insights, Performance by Design: The Future of PCB Manufacturing in the Midwest
Happy’s Tech Talk #43: Engineering Statistics Training With Free Software
It’s Only Common Sense: Stop Whining About the Market—Outwork It
Has the Time Finally Come for Tin-nickel Plating?
December 9, 2024 | Marcy LaRont, PCB007 MagazineEstimated reading time: 1 minute
In the 1980s, Electrochemicals, Inc. (now Electrochemical Products) made a significant shift from furniture and industrial goods to electronics and manufacturing. During this journey, a tin-nickel plating alloy was developed. In 1984, Mike Carano, a young engineer, published a paper on tin-nickel plating alloy, but after some initial attention, the plating solution fell into obscurity.
Today, PCB fabrication looks largely the same, yet changes are afoot, chiefly due to the demands for very fine feature capability on printed circuit boards, as well as environmental sustainability. So, in this fascinating conversation with Mike Carano and Happy Holden, we take another look at tin-nickel and its advantages in both performance and sustainability.
Marcy LaRont: Mike, please explain the unique metal properties of the tin-nickel alloy and why fabricators should consider this as a surface finish solution today.
Mike Carano: Tin-nickel is a metastable alloy. It is monatomic, meaning that no matter what you do with the chemistry or how you manipulate the grams per liter of one metal or the other (or the amps per square foot), it always comes out as 65% of one metal and 35% of the other. I’m not aware this is true with any other combination of metals.
Typically, if your chemistry is out of balance—if you have more tin in the solution than you have lead—you will plate more tin. It’s precisely why there are so many alloys out there. In that respect, tin-nickel is pretty amazing.
Happy Holden: When I was at Hewlett-Packard, Dr. Morton Adler from Bell Labs called me and said he wanted us to fab his boards using tin-nickel, because he knew we were using it. I plated the boards with tin-nickel and added a gold strike. This thin gold was cobalt-hardened and the final thickness was still only 3–5 microinches when we finished. About a month after I sent them back to Adler, I got another call. He said, “What the hell did you send me? We’ve completed our reliability testing and your 3–5 microinches on tin-nickel outperforms our 120 microinches of sulfamate nickel on our contacts and other relays.”
Continue reading this conversation in the November 2024 issue of PCB007 Magazine.
Share on:
Testimonial
"Our marketing partnership with I-Connect007 is already delivering. Just a day after our press release went live, we received a direct inquiry about our updated products!"
Rachael Temple - AlltematedSuggested Items
Dymax to Address Key Electronics Assembly Challenges with Light-Cure Solutions at SMTA International 2025
10/09/2025 | DymaxDymax, a global manufacturer of light-curing materials and equipment, will exhibit at SMTA International 2025 in Rosemont, Illinois, October 21–23. Visit booth 2834 to see how Dymax technologies protect components from harsh environments, help meet regulatory requirements, and streamline assembly.
Trio Wins Nobel Prize for Groundbreaking Quantum Physics Experiments
10/08/2025 | I-Connect007 Editorial TeamU.S.-based scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis have won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for “experiments that revealed quantum physics in action.” Reuters reported. Their work laid the foundation for the next generation of digital technologies, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced on Oct. 7.
Pulsonix 14.0 Adds Embedded Simulation, Smarter 3D Views, Enhanced Workflow
10/08/2025 | PulsonixPulsonix, the EDA company delivering technology-leading PCB design solutions, is proud to announce the launch of Pulsonix 14.0, its latest PCB design software platform.
SCHMID Ships First InfinityLine P+ Panel-Level Plating System
10/08/2025 | SCHMID GroupSCHMID Group, a leading global provider of equipment and solutions for the electronics industry, announced the shipment of its first InfinityLine P+ system – a newly developed panel-level plating equipment with integrated photoresist stripping.
‘Create your Connections’ – Rehm at productronica 2025 in Munich
10/08/2025 | Rehm Thermal SystemsThe electronics industry is undergoing dynamic transformation: smart production lines, sustainability, artificial intelligence, and sensor technologies dominate current discussions.