NASA’s New Detectors Could Improve Views of Gamma-Ray Events
June 7, 2023 | NASAEstimated reading time: 2 minutes
Using technology similar to that found in smartphone cameras, NASA scientists are developing upgraded sensors to reveal more details about black hole outbursts and exploding stars — all while being less power hungry and easier to mass produce than detectors used today.
“When you think about black holes actively shredding stars, or neutron stars exploding and creating really high-energy bursts of light, you are looking at the most extreme events in the universe,” said research astrophysicist Dr. Regina Caputo. “To observe these events, you need to look at the highest-energy form of light: gamma rays.”
Caputo leads an instrument-development effort called AstroPix at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The silicon pixel sensors in AstroPix — still in development and testing — are reminiscent of the semiconductor sensors that allow smartphone cameras to be so small.
“Gamma rays are notoriously tricky to measure because of the way that the incoming particle interacts with your detector,” said Dr. Amanda Steinhebel, a NASA Postdoctoral Program fellow working with Caputo.
Gamma rays are wavelengths of light more energetic than ultraviolet and X rays, and their photons act more like particles than waves. “Instead of just being absorbed by a sensor like visible light,” Steinhebel said, “gamma rays bounce all around.”
NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, which has studied the gamma-ray sky since 2008, solved the “bounce” problem in its main instrument by using towers of strip-shaped sensors. This table-sized cube, Fermi’s Large Area Telescope, was itself groundbreaking technology when the mission launched.
Each strip maps a gamma-ray strike in a single-dimension, while layers of strips oriented perpendicular to each other record the second dimension. Gamma rays generate a cascade of energetic strikes through multiple layers, providing a map pointing back to the source.
About the size of a golf bag, a space telescope instrument using AstroPix sensors would require half as many layers as the Fermi strip detector technology, Caputo said.
In a practical application like this sounding rocket test instrument design, a gamma-ray observatory would use multiple layers of Astropix sensors, which could then track a 3-dimensional particle trajectory through a series of two-dimensional, pixelated detectors.
“It’s easier to tell exactly where particles interact,” Steinhebel said, “because you just identify the point in the grid that it interacted with. Then you use multiple layers to literally trace back the paths that particles took through it.”
AstroPix could record lower-energy gamma rays than current technology, Steinhebel explained, because these photons tend to get lost filtering through the multiple layers of a strip detector. Capturing them would provide more information about what happens during short-lived, energetic events. “These low-energy gamma rays are most common during peak burst brightness,” she explained.
The pixel detectors also consume less electricity to operate, Caputo said, a major upside for future missions planning out their power usage.
Pixelated silicon detectors have been proven in particle accelerator experiments, she said, and their common use and mass production for cell phones and digital cameras make them easier and less expensive to obtain.
Developing different prototypes over multiple years and seeing AstroPix create accurate plots of gamma-ray light has been exhilarating and extremely satisfying, Steinhebel said.
While the team continues to work on developing and improving their technology, Caputo said the next step would be to launch the technology on a short sounding rocket flight for further testing above Earth’s atmosphere.
They hope to benefit a future gamma-ray mission intended to further the study of high-energy universe events.
“We can do such cool science with this,” Caputo said. “I just want to see that happen.”
Suggested Items
Terran Orbital’s GEOStare SV2 Captures 3 Years of Success in High-Resolution Imaging
05/17/2024 | BUSINESS WIRETerran Orbital Corporation, a global leader in satellite-based solutions primarily serving the aerospace and defense industries, celebrates the 3rd anniversary of its successful GEOStare SV2 mission. Launched on May 15, 2021, from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, GEOStare SV2 has surpassed expectations, delivering exceptional results for commercial satellite imagery.
Indium Experts to Present on High-Temperature, Lead-Free Solder Paste and High Reliability Liquid Metal Alloys Poster at ECTC
05/16/2024 | Indium CorporationIndium Corporation Research Associate Kyle Aserian will deliver a presentation at the 74th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) on May 31, in Denver, Colorado.
Siemens, Foxconn Team Up to Optimize Forward-thinking Manufacturing
05/16/2024 | FoxconnSiemens AG, a leading technology company, and Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn), the world’s largest electronics manufacturer, have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to drive digital transformation and sustainability in smart manufacturing platforms.
TactoTek Licenses IMSE Technology to Polestar for Sustainable Electronics Design Innovation
05/15/2024 | TactoTekPolestar, the Swedish electric performance car brand, and Finnish smart surface pioneer TactoTek, have entered a collaboration to explore integration of Injection Molded Structural Electronics (IMSE) technology into Polestar’s vehicle programs.
SiPearl: Partnership with Samsung Electronics for built-in HBM in Rhea
05/14/2024 | BUSINESS WIRESiPearl, the company building the high-performance low-power European microprocessor for HPC and AI inference, has signed a partnership with Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., a world leader in advanced memory technology, to equip its Rhea series with Samsung’s advanced memory solution ideal for HPC and AI applications.