Learning with Leo: The Cost of Cleaning and Protecting the Ozone Layer
Nolan’s Notes: Cleaning With Smaller Geometries
Standard of Excellence: Building Excellence From the Inside Out
The silent, seamless propulsion of an EV masks the incredible complexity and engineering finesse required to make it all happen. Beneath the vehicle’s floor or under its hood lies a dense cluster of power electronics systems comprised of coordinated, high-performance modules that collectively control, convert, and condition energy from the battery to the wheels. These systems not only govern how smoothly an EV accelerates or how efficiently it uses its charge but also play a defining role in the long-term reliability, safety, and serviceability of the vehicle.
At the core of these systems are three foundational technologies: the battery management system (BMS), traction power inverter/DC-DC converter, and onboard charger (OBC). Their interdependence, power density, and harsh operating environment create both opportunities for innovation and challenges for durability. Each module is shaped by evolving design-for-reliability (DFR) practices that span materials science, electrical engineering, and software design.
Battery Management System (BMS): The Nerve Center
While the lithium-ion battery pack holds the energy that powers the vehicle, the BMS ensures it can be used safely, efficiently, and predictably. Acting as both guardian and gatekeeper, the BMS monitors critical parameters such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), cell voltages, current flow, and thermal conditions across hundreds of individual cells. Anomalies detected by the BMS can trigger balancing operations, cooling commands, or system shutdowns.
To continue reading this article, which originally appeared in the November 2025 edition of SMT007 Magazine, click here.
