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Insertion Loss: A Bigger Concern in High-Speed Digital
Digital pulses are made up of analog sine waves. In order to make a digital pulse, sine waves of different frequencies are added together to form the digital pulse. Each of these sine waves is a high-frequency RF wave at a specific frequency. As an example, when a 10 Gbps pulse is generated from a combination of the RF waves, the frequencies used will be approximately 5 GHz, 15 GHz, 25 GHz and 35 GHz added together. Actually there can be more, but this is a simple example of showing the adding of sine waves using the fundamental harmonic (5 GHz), 3rd harmonic (15 GHz), 5th harmonic (25 GHz) and the 7th harmonic frequency at 35 GHz.
Figure 1 shows how the digital pulse can be formed from adding these sine waves.
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